Professor Stan Liebowitz

Office: JO 5.614

Hours: W. 3-6 or by appointment


Telephone: 972-883-2807

email: liebowit@utdallas.edu

homepage:wwwpub.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/


 

 

Economics of Information Based (Network) Products

 

This is a course about the economics of information goods, those goods at the center of the modern economy. You will learn how information goods differ from regular goods, the nature of competition in these markets, how these goods should be priced, problems with copying these goods, and how markets with information goods evolve. We also will apply these and other basic economic concepts to an understanding of how the Internet economy will likely develop and public policy issues surrounding these goods, such as the Napster and Microsoft cases.

 

There is no single textbook that covers the material for this course. First, I have a book with Stephen Margolis titled: Winners, Losers & Microsoft: Antitrust and Competition in High Technology. This book is available in both hardcover and paperback. A second useful book is Information Rules by Shapiro and Varian. It is simple enough to read very quickly but doesn't provide the level I detail I would like to you get. Plus, I will disagree with the authors from time to time. Finally, I am writing a book that is not yet published, called Internet Cents and Nonsense. I have made the still unfinished text of this book available online. It should prove very helpful to you.

I hope you still have your MECO 6201 textbook (for example, Landsburg's Price Theory and Applications), since it will have useful background material. There are also a few other readings that will be available on my web page. As the occasion arises, I will post information on my web page: http://wwwpub.utdallas.edu/~liebowit [follow the link for ‘Economics of Knowledge Goods’].

My book with Margolis, and Shapiro and Varian’s book, are available in the bookstore or online. Other readings will be available on the web.

 

for PowerPoint slides click here.

 

To give you an idea of what my tests are like, I include a sample test can be found here.

 

Grading: midterms @ 35%, final @ 55%, class participation 10%

 

Midterm exam on Oct 16, Final Exam is inclusive.

A.    Price Discrimination, Versioning, Tie-Ins Sales and Bundling

Material in your old micro text that talks about elasticity and price discrimination such as Landsburg: Chapter 10.3

*Shapiro and Varian, Chapter 3.

Liebowitz, S. "Tie-In Sales and Price Discrimination," Economic Inquiry, July, 1983. Also: click here

Schmalensee, R. "Commodity Bundling by Single-Product Monopolies, Journal of Law and Economics, April 1982. click here

*Stigler, G. "A note on block booking", The Supreme Court Review, 1963. click here

Liebowitz and Margolis - Antitrust Appendix [Internet Explorer and Windows]

B.    Information and Public Goods

Landsburg: Chapter 14.2, Public Goods

Demsetz H. "The Private Production of Public Goods", Journal of Law and Economics, October 1970. Or click here

Liebowitz S. "Copyright Law, Photocopying and Price Discrimination", Research in Law and Economics, 1986, pp. 181-200. Or click here

*Liebowitz, S. "Some Puzzling Behavior by the Owners of Intellectual Products," Contemporary Policy Issues, July, 1987, pp. 44-53. Or click here

C.    The Impact of Easy Duplication: Copying, Napster, etc.

*Cents and Nonsense, chapter 9 Click here

Benjamin D. and Kormendi, R. "On the Interrelationship Between Markets for New and Used Durable Goods," Journal of Law and Economics, Oct. 1974, pp. 381-402.

Liebowitz, S. J., "Durability, Market Structure and New Used Goods Models," American Economic Review, September, 1982, pp. 816-824. Also: click here

Liebowitz, S. J., "Copying and Indirect Appropriability: Photocopying of Journals," Journal of Political Economy, October 1985, 945-957. Also: click here

 Shapiro and Varian, Chapter 4

*Brian Ploskina “Numbers Rock 'N' Roll In Napster Dispute”, Inter@ctive Week, June 19, 2000  click here

“How record companies could embrace Napster and maintain profits” From Linux World, March 20, 2000, Nick Petreley  click here

*Lee Gomes “Judge Orders Napster to Stop Downloads of Copyrighted Music”, Wall Street Journal, July 27, 2000 and “Napster Appeal Is on Legal Fast Track After a Stay That Delayed Closing Site” July 31, 2000. Click here

"Nipping It In The Bud: Monsanto isn't just talking tough on seed piracy; it's taking action", Story about Monsanto's genetically engineered seeds and how it keeps farmer from making 'copies'. click here

D.    Network Effects, Standards, and Lock-In.

*Liebowitz and Margolis, Chapters 3, 4, 5

Shapiro and Varian, Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

Cents and Nonsense: chapters 2 and 3. Click here

*W. Brian Arthur, Positive Feedbacks in the Economy, Scientific American, Feb. 1990 also at: http://www.santafe.edu/arthur/Papers/Papers.html along with other Arthur papers.

Katz, M. L., and Shapiro, C., "Systems Competition and Network Effects," Journal of Economic Perspectives (Spring 1994). click here

*Brynjolfsson, Erik and Kemerer Chris F., “Network Externalities in Microcomputer Software: An Econometric Analysis of the Spreadsheet Market,” Management Science, December 1996. Click here

Leibenstein, Harvey, “Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers’ Demand” Quarterly Journal of Economics May 1950.

David, Paul A.  “Path dependence and the quest for historical economics: one more chorus of the ballad of QWERTY”.  Click here

E.    Cases: QWERTY, Betamax, and so forth

*David, Paul. A. 1985. "Clio and the Economics of QWERTY", 75 American Economic Review, 332-7 (May). Click here

*Liebowitz and Margolis, Chapter 2, 6, 7, 8. Antitrust Appendix

BBC radio show on the debate: Click here

“Economists Decide to Challenge Facts of the QWERTY Story” Lee Gomes, Wall Street Journal, February 25, 1998 Click here or “The QWERTY Myth”, The Economist, April 3, 1999. Click here

Shapiro and Varian, Chapter 9, 10

F.     Some Economics of Internet Business

·       Cents and Nonsense: Chapter 4 The (non)Ubiquity of E-tailing; Click here

·       Chapter 5 and 6: The value-profit paradox, the Cruelty of Competition and the drivers of success. Margins and Profits on the Net. Click here

·       Chapter 7: Can Advertising Revenues Support the Net? Click here

·       Chapter 8: Auctions and Selling on the Net. Click here

*“How the Internet Bubble Broke Records, Rules, Bank Accounts” Greg Ip, Susan Pulliam, Scott Thurm, and Ruth Simon, Wall Street Journal, July 14, 2000 Click here

"Prices for ad banners fall" Andrea Petersen, WSJ Interactive Edition, February 24, 1999 click here

G.   The Microsoft Case (if time permits)

Landsburg: pp. 398-400

McGee, John. "Predatory Price Cutting: The Standard Oil Case", Journal of Law and Economics, October 1958

PBS discussion of Microsoft case: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/cyberspace/jan-june00/microsoft_discussion_4-3.html

Reback, Gary, Susan Creighton, David Killam and Neil Nathanson, with the assistance from Garth Saloner and W. Brian Arthur, "Technological, Economic and Legal Perspectives Regarding Microsoft's Business Strategy in Light of the Proposed Acquisition of Intuit, Inc. also in Why Microsoft Must Be Stopped, Upside Magazine, Feb. 1995 also at: http://www.upside.com/texis/mvm/story?id=34712c0e38

*Liebowitz and Margolis, Chapter Antitrust Appendix; Also, Epilogue in paperback edition.

              also Upside Magazine: Don't Handcuff Technology, September 01, 1995 and also available on the web: http://www.upside.com/texis/mvm/story?id=34712c1023

Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson’s Finding of Fact in the Microsoft case. http://wwwpub.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/knowledge_goods/msjudge finding of fact.htm

Stan J. Liebowitz “An Expensive Pig in a Poke: Estimating the Cost of the District Court’s Proposed Breakup of Microsoft”  September 21, 2000 http://wwwpub.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/msstuff/act2/pig.htm or my affidavit for ACT:

Stanley Sporkin, United States v. Microsoft Corp., 159 F.R.D. 318, 333-38 (D.D.C. 1995) (Sporkin, J.), rev'd, 56 F.3d 1448 (D.C. Cir. 1995). Available at: http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f0100/0102.htm .

“Software and the law: Uneasy alliance.” Scott Berinato, eWEEK, September 3, 2000. click here  or http://www.zdnet.com/eweek/stories/general/0,11011,2623108,00.html

H.    More

For amusement you can view a speech that I gave on network effects and Microsoft several years ago:  click here

or an inferior talk more recently at NYU Law School, although you have to change files near the end of my talk: http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/msft2a.html

See the Interview with Brian Arthur in Pretext magazine: http://www.pretext.com/may98/columns/intview.htm or my annotated version: click here